Coopetition
game-theory
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Coopetition
- Coopetition (also spelled co-opetition, coopertition or co-opertition**) is a concept in which firms or individuals engage in both cooperation and competition simultaneously. It describes situations where competing entities work together toward a common goal or share resources while still maintaining competitive interests in other areas. The term is a portmanteau of "cooperation" and "competition".
In business strategy, coopetition can involve companies collaborating in areas like research and development, standard-setting, or supply chain management—while competing in product offerings or market share. For example, two technology firms might jointly develop a new platform standard while continuing to compete in the end-user market. Coopetition can occur at both the inter-organizational level, where companies partner with competitors, and the intra-organizational level, where departments or teams within the same organization both collaborate and compete for resources or influence.
The concept is rooted in game-theory, particularly in models that go beyond purely competitive (non-cooperative) or purely collaborative games. Foundational ideas were introduced in the 1944 book [[theory-of-games-and-economic-behavior]] by john-von-neumann and oskar-morgenstern, and further developed in the work of John Forbes Nash.
Overview
The concept and term coopetition and its variants have been re-coined several times in history.
The concept appeared as early as 1913, being used to describe the relationships among proximate independent dealers of the Sealshipt Oyster System, who were instructed to cooperate for the benefit of the system while competing with each other for customers in the same city.
Intra-organizational
At the intra-organizational level, coopetition occurs between individuals or functional units within the same organization. Based on game theory
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Further reading
Brandenburger, Adam; Nalebuff, Barry (1996). Co-Opetition: A Revolution Mindset That Combines Competition and Cooperation*
Bengtsson, M.; Kock, S. (2000). Coopetition in Business Networks: To Cooperate and Compete Simultaneously* Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 29, pp. 411–426
Asaro, V. Frank (2011). Universal Co-opetition: Nature's Fusion of Cooperation and Competition*. .
Asaro, V. Frank (2012). The Tortoise Shell Code*, a novel.
Asaro, V. Frank (2014). A Primal Wisdom: Nature's Unification of Cooperation and Competition*.
Asaro, V. Frank (2015). The Tortoise Shell Game*.
Asaro, V. Frank (2015). A Primal Wisdom*, 2nd edition
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* Czakon, W.; Fernandez, A. S.; Minà, A. (2014). Editorial–From paradox to practice: the rise of coopetition strategies. International Journal of Business Environment, 6(1), 1-10.
* Mariani, M., Kylänen, M. (2014). The relevance of public-private partnerships in coopetition: Empirical evidence from the tourism sector, International Journal of Business Environment, 6(1), 106–125.
* Mariani, M. (2016). Coordination in inter-network co-opetitition: Evidence from the tourism sector, Industrial Marketing Management, 53, 103-123.
* Mariani, M. (2018). The role of policy makers and regulators in coopetition. In Fernandez, A.S., Chiambaretto, P., Le Roy, F., Czakon, W. (eds.), The Routledge Companion to Coopetition Strategy. London: Routledge, pp. 105–116.
External links
* [Strategic co-opetition: The value of relationships in the networked economy](http://www-935.ibm.com/services/uk/index.wss/multipage/igs/ibvstudy/a1008082?cntxt=a1006870), a perspective from IBM
* [The website to accompany the book Co-opetition by Adam M. Brandenburger and Barry J. Nalebuff](https://web.archive.org/web/20070917025537/http://mayet.som.yale.edu/coopetition/)
* [Summary of Co-opetition: A Revolutionary Mindset That Combines Competition and Cooperation by Brandenburger and Nalebuff, 1998.](https://web.archive.org/web/20120417123034/http://www.uni-potsdam.de/db/jpcg/Lehre/SS_04/HS_Gesch_ftskonzepte/coopet.pdf)
* [Channel Register: The ugly truth about coopetition](http://www.channelregister.co.uk/2005/09/26/coopetition/)
* [Coopetition in the new economy: Collaboration Among Competitors](https://web.archive.org/web/20110928161650/http://www.neweconomyindex.org/section1_page07.html)
* [FIRST Values: Coopertition](https://web.archive.org/web/20100129031350/http://www.usfirst.org/aboutus/content.aspx?id=36)
* [2010 FIRST Robotics Competition:Coopertition Award](https://web.archive.org/web/20100214193545/http://www.usfirst.org/uploadedFiles/Community/FRC/Game_and_Season__Info/2010_Assets/2010%20FRC%20Regional%20%20Awards.pdf)
* [Patent 7,507,169: Method for Creating Coopertition](http://www.freepatentsonline.com/7507169.pdf)